Numerical Investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Improve Thermal Efficiency of Exhaust Manifolds in Hot Air Sterilization Systems

Wakid, M.; Widyianto, A.; Widowati, A.

doi:10.47176/jafm.19.1.3592

Numerical Investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Improve Thermal Efficiency of Exhaust Manifolds in Hot Air Sterilization Systems

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

¹ Department of Automotive Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

² Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

³ Department of Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

10.47176/jafm.19.1.3592

Abstract

This computational fluid dynamics study examined the exhaust manifold of a hot air sterilizer. The exhaust manifold's thermal and flow properties at varied engine rpm were studied to optimize the temperature profile, pressure regulation, and exhaust gas velocity. Optimizing sterilizer efficiency and heat control requires this evaluation. This study simulated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using Ansys 2023 (Student Version). Boundary conditions and a structured mesh were employed to construct the manifold for engine speeds ranging from 750 to 2000 rpm. The exhaust manifold heat transfer simulations utilized a k-ε turbulence model to account for flow dynamics accurately. Recorded and assessed exhaust gas velocities, temperatures, and pressure contours to assess system performance. The exhaust flow velocity and pressure increased substantially with engine speed up to 2000 rpm, when the engine reached 70 m/s and more than 2 kPa. The temperature profile showed considerable cooling with a maximum wall temperature of 444°C at the highest engine speed. The study found that manifold geometry, form, and material choice are crucial in limiting back pressure and heat loads at higher engine rpm. Finally, mechanical stasis zones become observable at lower flow velocities, which may help refine the design. A well-designed exhaust manifold is necessary to prevent overheating and ensure optimal gas flow. Materials like steel, which dissipate heat, are key to gadget longevity. The study's findings can enhance the performance and reliability of hot air sterilizers in high-temperature environments.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Computational Fluid Dynamics

References

Al-Khishali, K. J. M., Mashkour, M. A., & Omaraa, E. S. (2010). Analysis of Flow Characteristics In Inlet And Exhaust Manifolds of Experimental Gasoline Combustion In A VCR Engine. Engineering and Technology Journal, 28(7). https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.28.7.12

Alphonse, M., & Kumar, R. (2021). Investigation of heat dissipation in exhaust manifold using computational fluid dynamics. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 42(9), 999-1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2019.1583130

Assi, W. N., Ali, M. A. N., & Allawee, A. S. (2020). Experimental and numerical assessment of a multi-cylinder engine exhaust manifold. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 745, 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/745/1/012071.

Bajpai, K., Chandrakar, A., Agrawal, A., & Shekhar, S. (2017). CFD analysis of exhaust manifold of SI engine and comparison of back pressure using alternative fuels. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 14(01), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1401012329

Bral, P., Tripathi, J. P., Dewangan, S., & Mahato, A. C. (2022). CFD analysis of an exhaust manifold for emission reduction. Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, 354-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.202

De Angelis, G., & Palomba, F. (2004). The Reliability Improvement of a Conventional Cast Iron Exhaust Manifold for a Small Size Gasoline Engine. Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 37467, 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEF2004-0876

Deger, Y., Simperl, B., & Jimenez, L. P. (2004). Coupled CFD-FE-analysis for the exhaust manifold of a diesel engine. ABAQUS Users’ Conference, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2017.1399457

Desai, A. R., Buradi, A., Gowthami, L., Praveena, B. A., Madhusudhan, A., & Bora, B. J. (2022). Computational Investigation of Engine Exhaust Manifold with Different Alternative Fuels By Using CFD. 2022 IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MysuruCon55714.2022.9972359

Deubert, D., Klingel, L., & Selig, A. (2024). Online simulation at machine level: a systematic review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 131(3), 977-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13065-1

Guoquan, X., Huaming, W., Lin, C., & Xiaobin, H. (2021). Predicting unsteady heat transfer effect of vehicle thermal management system using steady velocity equivalent method. Science Progress, 104(2), 00368504211025933. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211025933

Haskew, H. M., & Liberty, T. F. (1991). In-use emissions with today's closed-loop systems. SAE transactions, 69-104. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44553584

Kresovic, U., Hussein, W., Zhou, C. Q., Majdak, J., & Cantwell, R. (2002). CFD Analysis of Liquid-Cooled Exhaust Manifolds in a Real Time Engine Cycle. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 36355, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2002-32095

Kumar, R. R., Razak, A., Alshahrani, S., Sharma, A., Thakur, D., Shaik, S., Saleel, C. A., & Afzal, A. (2022). Vibration analysis of composite exhaust manifold for diesel engine using CFD. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 32, 101853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.101853

Li, D. L., Yin, Y. F., Chen, G. F., Cui, C., & Han, B. (2012). Thermal fatigue analysis of the engine exhaust manifold. Advanced Materials Research, 482, 214-219. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.482-484.214

Lin, T. Y., Shi, G., Yang, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Jia, Z., Guo, L., Xiao, Y., Wei, Z., & Lan, S. (2021). Efficient container virtualization-based digital twin simulation of smart industrial systems. Journal of cleaner production, 281, 124443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124443

Maheshappa, H., Pravin, V. K., Umesh, K. S., & Veena, P. H. (2013). Design analysis of catalytic converter to reduce particulate matter and achieve limited back pressure in diesel engine by CFD. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 3(1), 998-1004. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1245

Manohar, D. S., & Krishnaraj, J. (2018). Modeling and analysis of exhaust manifold using CFD. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 455, 012132. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012132

Prithvi, R. R., Midhun, M. P., & Prakash, D. (2020). Computational simulation and experimental validation of an engineering problem: A case study on heat transfer in cylindrical fin with phase‐change material. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22183

Pathak, A., & Deshmukh, S. (2021). Thermal analysis of Exhaust manifold system using computational fluid dynamics. Spectrum of Emerging Sciences, 1(1), 50-55. https://esciencesspectrum.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-1-1-11

Rodríguez, B., González, F., Naya, M. Á., & Cuadrado, J. (2020). Assessment of methods for the real-time simulation of electronic and thermal circuits. Energies, 13(6), 1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061354

Sadhasivam, C., Murugan, S., Vairamuthu, J., & Priyadharshini, S. M. (2021). Design and analysis of two-cylinder exhaust manifold with improved performance in CFD. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 2141-2144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.574

Sahoo, D. K., & Thiya, R. (2019). Coupled CFD–FE analysis for the exhaust manifold to reduce stress of a direct injection-diesel engine. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 40(4), 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2017.1399457

Seenikannan, P., Periyasamy, V. M., & Nagaraj, P. (2008). An experimental analysis of a Y section exhaust manifold system with improved engine performance. International Journal of Product Development, 6(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPD.2008.019121

Sulistyo, B., Sofyan, H., Sukardi, T., & Widyianto, A. (2023). Performance and Emission Characteristics Using Dual Injection System of Gasoline and Ethanol. Automotive Experiences, 6(2), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8070

Taibani, A. Z., & Kalamkar, V. (2012). Experimental and computational analysis of behavior of three-way catalytic converter under axial and radial flow conditions. International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 5(3), 134-142. https://doi.org/10.5293/IJFMS.2012.5.3.134

Teja, M. A., Ayyappa, K., Katam, S., & Anusha, P. (2016). Analysis of exhaust manifold using computational fluid dynamics. Fluid Mechanics Open Access 3(1), 1000129. https://doi.org/10.4172/2476-2296.1000129

Umesh, K. S., & Rajagopal, V. P. K. (2013). CFD Analysis Of Exhaust Manifold Of Multi-Cylinder Si Engine Todetermine Optimal Geometry For Reducing Emissions. International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research and Development, 45-56. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CFD-Analysis-of-Exhaust-Manifold-of-Multi-Cylinder-Umesh-Pravin/32377d5d689a52c4f7ecb1f9b7e27f313ac2a5de

Xu, S. L., Shi, Y., & Li, S. C. (2012). Heat Transfer and Thermal Load Analysis of Exhaust Manifold. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 226, 2240-2244. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.226-228.2240

Yogesh, K., Ananthesha, B., & Mahendra Babu, N. C. (2020). Assessment of thermo-mechanical fatigue performance of an exhaust manifold through simulation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(12), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i12/105559