Numerical Analysis of Hydrokinetic Energy Harvesting from Flow-induced Vibration of a Cylinder with a Single Protrusion

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang 212013, China

10.47176/jafm.18.7.3236

Abstract

To better capture current energy based on flow-induced vibration (FIV), a new cylindrical oscillator is proposed in this paper that attaches a single protrusion to a bare cylinder with different shapes (square, triangular, and semi-elliptical) and different circumferential locations (a = 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°). Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations were performed to investigate the vibration characteristics, equilibrium position, wake vortex mode, and energy harvesting characteristics of the cylindrical oscillator over the reduced frequency range of 2 ≤ U*≤ 14. Regarding the protrusion angle, the vibration amplitude of the cylinder was obviously enhanced at a = 45° and 180° but was suppressed at a = 135°. Specifically, the vibration amplitude of the cylinder with the square protrusion can reach up to 3.1D, an increase of 204% compared to that of the bare cylinder. Additionally, as the flow velocity increased, the equilibrium position of the vibrating cylinder at a = 90° had the largest downward offset, reaching a value of -2.42D. The maximum power of 1.33 W was reached for the cylinder with the square protrusion at a = 45°, but at a= 90°, a stable energy recovery bandwidth was achieved. In addition, high energy harvesting efficiency was mainly concentrated on the extremely low flow velocity range, with a maximal efficiency of 9.67%.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Bai, X., Sun, M., Zhang, W., & Wang, J. (2024). A novel elli-circ oscillator applied in VIVACE converter and its vibration characteristics and energy harvesting efficiency. Energy, 296, 131143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131143
Bekhti, A., Tata, M., Hamane, D., & Maizi, M. (2022). A CFD Study of the Effects of Slots on Energy Harvesting from Flow-Induced Circular Cylinder Vibrations. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 15(5), 1581-1591. https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.15.05.1098
Bernitsas, M. M. (2016). Harvesting energy by flow included motions. Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering, 1163-1244.
Bernitsas, M. M., Raghavan, K., Ben-Simon, Y., & Garcia, E. (2008). VIVACE (Vortex Induced Vibration Aquatic Clean Energy): A new concept in generation of clean and renewable energy from fluid flow. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-transactions of The Asme, 130, 041101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2957913
Blevins, R. D. (1977). Flow-induced vibration. New York.
Chang, C. C. J., Kumar, R. A., & Bernitsas, M. M. (2011). VIV and galloping of single circular cylinder with surface roughness at 3.0× 104≤ Re≤ 1.2× 105. Ocean Engineering, 38(16), 1713-1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.07.013
Derakhshandeh, J. F., & Gharib, N. (2021). Numerical investigations on the flow control over bumped surface circular cylinders. Ocean Engineering, 240, 109943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109943
Ding, L., Zhang, L., Bernitsas, M. M., & Chang, C. C. (2016). Numerical simulation and experimental validation for energy harvesting of single-cylinder VIVACE converter with passive turbulence control. Renewable Energy, 85, 1246-1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.088
He, X., Yang, X., & Jiang, S. (2018). Enhancement of wind energy harvesting by interaction between vortex-induced vibration and galloping. Applied Physics Letters, 112, 033901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007121
Hu, G., Liu, F., Li, L., Li, C., & Kwok, K. C. S. (2019). Wind energy harvesting performance of tandem circular cylinders with triangular protrusions. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 91, 102780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.102780
Hu, G., Tse, K. T., Wei, M., Naseer, R., Abdelkefi, A., & Kwok, K. C. (2018). Experimental investigation on the efficiency of circular cylinder-based wind energy harvester with different rod-shaped attachments. Applied Energy, 226, 682-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.056
Khalak, A., & Williamson, C. (1996). Dynamics of a hydroelastic cylinder with very low mass and damping. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 10(5), 455-472. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1996.0031
Khalak, A., & Williamson, C. H. K. (1999). Motions, forces and mode transitions in vortex-induced vibrations at low mass-damping. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 13, 813-851. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1999.0236
King, R. (1977). A review of vortex shedding research and its application. Ocean Engineering, 4(3), 141-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(77)90002-6
Kumar, V., Garg, H., Sharma, G., & Bhardwaj, R. (2020). Harnessing flow-induced vibration of a D-section cylinder for convective heat transfer augmentation in laminar channel flow. Physics of Fluids, 32(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016097
Magagna, D., & Uihlein, A. (2015). Ocean energy development in Europe: Current status and future perspectives. International Journal of Marine Energy, 11, 84-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2015.05.001
Park, H., Bernitsas, M. M., & Ajith Kumar, R. (2012). Selective roughness in the boundary layer to suppress flow-induced motions of circular cylinder at 30,000<Re<120,000. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 134(4). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4006235
Park, H., Kim, E. S., & Bernitsas, M. M. (2017). Sensitivity to zone covering of the map of passive turbulence control to flow-induced motions for a circular cylinder at 30,000≤ Re≤ 120,000. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 139(2), 021802. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4035140
Raghavan, K., & Bernitsas, M. (2011). Experimental investigation of Reynolds number effect on vortex induced vibration of rigid circular cylinder on elastic supports. Ocean Engineering, 38(5-6), 719-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.09.003
Singh, S. P., & Mittal, S. (2005). Vortex-induced oscillations at low Reynolds numbers: Hysteresis and vortex-shedding modes. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 20(8), 1085-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.05.011
Sirohi, J., & Mahadik, R. (2012). Harvesting wind energy using a galloping piezoelectric beam. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004674
Spalart, P. R., & Allmaras, S. R. (1992). A one-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows. Recherche Aerospatiale. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-439
Sun, H., Ma, C., & Bernitsas, M. M. (2018). Hydrokinetic power conversion using flow induced vibrations with nonlinear (adaptive piecewise-linear) springs. Energy, 143, 1085-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.140
Wang, J., Gu, S., Abdelkefi, A., & Bose, C. (2021). Enhancing piezoelectric energy harvesting from the flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder using dual splitters. Smart Materials and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/abefb5
Wang, J., Sheng, L., & Ding, L. (2023). A comprehensive numerical study on flow-induced vibrations with various groove structures: Suppression or enhancing energy scavenging. Ocean Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113781
Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., & Hu, G. (2022). Etching Metasurfaces on Bluff Bodies for Vortex-induced Vibration Energy Harvesting. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.108016.
Wang, Junlei, Zhao, Guifeng, Zhang, Meng, & Zhien. (2018). Efficient study of a coarse structure number on the bluff body during the harvesting of wind energy. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization & Environmental Effects. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1486916
Williamson, C. H. K., & Govardhan, R. (2004). Vortex-induced vibrations. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 36(1), 413-455. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122128
Yan, Z., Wang, L., Hajj, M. R., Yan, Z., Sun, Y., & Tan, T. (2020). Energy harvesting from iced-conductor inspired wake galloping. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 35, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2020.100633
Yang, Y., Zhao, L., & Tang, L. (2013). Comparative study of tip cross-sections for efficient galloping energy harvesting. Applied Physics Letters, 102(6). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4792737
Zdravkovich, M. M. (1990). Conceptual overview of laminar and turbulent flows past smooth and rough circular cylinders. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 33(1–2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90020-D
Zhang, D., Sun, H., Wang, W., & Bernitsas, M. M. (2018). Rigid cylinder with asymmetric roughness in Flow Induced Vibrations. Ocean Engineering, 150, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.01.005
Zhao, F., Wang, Z., Bai, H., & Tang, H. (2023). Energy harvesting based on flow-induced vibration of a wavy cylinder coupled with tuned mass damper. Energy, 282, 128584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128584
Zhao, G., Xu, J., Duan, K., Zhang, M., Zhu, H., & Wang, J. (2020). Numerical analysis of hydroenergy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder with groove structures. Ocean Engineering, 218, 108219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108219
Zhou, B., Wang, X., Guo, W., Zheng, J., & Tan, S. K. (2015). Experimental measurements of the drag force and the near-wake flow patterns of a longitudinally grooved cylinder. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 145, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.05.013
Zhu, H., Gao, Y., & Zhou, T. (2018). Flow-induced vibration of a locally rough cylinder with two symmetrical strips attached on its surface: Effect of the location and shape of strips. Applied Ocean Research, 72, 122-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.01.009